Installation of underground ducts



July' 27, 1943. E. WILLIAMS INSTALLATION OF UNDERGROUND DUCTS Filed Jan. 10, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet l INYENTOR .Er'zzas'l 11; i/lfams ATTC'RNEY5 July 27, 1943. E. WILLIAMS INSTALLATION OF UNDERGROUND DUCTS Filed Jan. 10, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Emmi Williams W F Y M ATTORNEY? July 27, 1943.

E. WILLIAMS INSTALLATION OF UNDERGROUND DUC'IS Filed Jan. 10, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet I5 INVENTOR Ernest PEI/lawns ATTORNEY July 2-7, 1943. E. WILLIAMS INSTALLATION OF UNDERGROUND DUC'I'S Filed Jan. 10". 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 (i1- th eb'ncrete 'is to be i V multlpleiduct, the interior webs separating the cavities-fdr eachbondnit,oncgbleywill make it meensfifei wereomingfthes'e glimeultles;

; ingfto apreferredfoz m-ppthe invention;

-91 tubular metal seeti'ons aqapted to have end-v Patented Jul 27, 1943 inventlbn rela tes methods endappara- M15113 for installing underground ducts, of such types for {example as maybe used e' abletddnsta ll undergrdund du t W han-digging trenches. streets where heavy-trams F01 e apmle, 1, "city 1s o ft entimes desirable m install un ergr nd ducts extending irpm an accessible location such means which will evqidjea ring up the pavement CODGIQQQS prevaik it} tp \Cqnsolidatedwlldison lyor k Ine -New Yprk, N. Y., a corporatiqn ol V v v asfo'ne manhole-1 to" gnother manhole; by some I u nt i iF h" in {d in a :trfinq ay b hi me-consuming and :excessivelv expensive, or

v by these methods a; conpmuougjpavity Company 101'; New. g

end interengagement, "Q IKYS OJaS tOIQQUSh bgt the metal sections, orj lfprejegi egi', ,eccbrding t opther phases of the vention the cqnexete'ductfm'aybe :cast in the ground; during the process" bf vvitha rawmgpne te p ary jetallic'membe Thus 0 one manhole to the next, may befflr st'fo z znedfand the earth kept from seflfling ht her'ein, 'iby,theiuse ofsteel tubes which-are capanle r'vvithstgnding heavy pressures against; the) earth 'wmfiout ;b,eing deformed 01" broken even when engaiging' selgi'ous obstructions. And once] flthe'. 'cavity"isw thus 7 formed, the steelltubing maybe? eadily rep aea "may destroy ekpensivelylandscaped areas; @This 'fhi'sY'not beenfherejtofore Setisfactprily solved as fregards installation of ductsof substantiialfs ize "extending unnergmundjjo'l any substantlel disj-v V l aheesgmon for ducts foi'medbf conereteFofthe in thefpnn of ja ,heavy *dlmcmt to lobiiain access to the neadi nq or :the

feerthif H n l V. e The present invention; provides methods and Accorda series hole opbther accessible ldcii tibn thus prdviding a *cdntiniious tubuhgjpavity; iyjdrii onemanhole'to the next. "Also according to the invention, 1; desired various mechanfcal or water-sluicing' means may be rpyovi ded wit hin ithis series of'f t li l b11151 sections for lod seningl earth wh iczh ob stitucts' the head end 01 'the se ries, and iprgcarrytii nus'hed'dongitudinally; eithef in one directidn :tmend inter engagementj are fir s tf successively inv Figs; 2,3 and 4 respecfiively V taken substantially along the v v wse' le bv fseetion s reaches the 's'1del wa.l 1of another manor tIiether train the'cavlt yfcinned thegebv'i n theiearth, am; duz ing such withdmwalthenietal may; be shownsand aescrmdm eqnneetitiii infid the'g roundso a s tgexye v V hole tofanbthe'r, this john 91; the apparatus i eluding means and equipment foijwate!"-s1uic;ing

by the concrete duct without ldiinge? dfbreakfage e d de cri iP g r:

wayi ofegamp'levgii'ldns fdnns phat-fat the apparatus hereindisle'se v h d aw 1 Hg.I1yi1liisti'tes a methgd ptislflngia; series 01' the tubular "n letel sectigns nd' frdin memenbbstrnctgingfarth fibm the head end struction such as 01' Fig. 4.

Butf

may e used awarding" i6 me gnventii Fig 10 and-11* are side and endivfe V place at the proper elevation-andl nment. a one t di cti n of h valent m ans ,5 c at its respective. ends, presses against theplates en a as i -i5f nat V :each of the ubular s'ections ts Inay 1co mprisfe.

jog eigample I a cylindrical steel; tube having; an

, suitable multiple duct concrete section which :may be installed and used in connection with this invention, and Fig. 13 is an end view of the a same;

Fig. '14 is a side view of a suitable concrete adaptor member which may be used for joining concrete sections as of Fig. l2 to other forms Fig. 15 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but illustrat 'Fig. 17. illustrates certain, detail of'the ap-' paratus which may be used within the tubular sectionsofFig. 15; 7 i Fig. 18 is a plan iew of a mechanically operi th tubular w c so ig l53' 1.9; mean espeaweiy comprisese ctio nal views taken substantially along th line le -7.5 a

i 'alternative at- Fig. 21 is a vie f bowing, a g

- rangementjof theiap'pa ratus, for casting the conc'rcte duct ii'nlisitiiQ as 1th} t ar imgtal I Sep mm are b'ein V Fig, .22" is' a sectional yiew taken? assesse alon line 22+; 215 Fig; 21;

s F g. 24" is as sectional view I taken substantially alongtheline 24-24 of lFig.21.

ground-manhole is indicated. at' 25 which ay; be

I omeones in; -a .suitableQknowri manner, This manhole may be located at V a substantial: distance' jromianother similar manholeas atZli and itis. desiredto; extend. an underground n e s 1 9" i ,5 d e. fi s -S eam r ccmprisecutti s-a le asan thr e thee a cr'tc Qf agsido. wallet thenianhole ZEjand through thishole a series; oiltubular metal-section's as at '28 maybe successively, intro ducedand" pushed through the ground in' the. direction 7 of j the other manhole 26, as 'by means of ahydraulicjackfla operating on a notched, rail assembly as at fiii.

This hydraulice jack mayibe operatedmanually or i I v illustratingithe apparatuses of a subsequent stage inthe operations accord of ducts jor-whi ch may be used'at the end of a V series of such ducts, opening into amanhole;

an' alternative method 'for' loosening and re moving earth by mechanical means duringthe pushing of the tubular metal sections through theg'round; 5:. 1; Fig. 16 is an'enlarged sectional view of the head',

s end of the arrangement shown in Fig. 15;

outside diameter slightly greater than that of the concrete duct which is to ultimately replace the st-eel'tube. One end of each of the members 28 may have welded thereto a plurality of cleats as at 38 at spaced points around its periphery for holding the section in alignment with the next succeeding section. If the series of tubular sections is to be usedaccording to'a method in which they are'to be withdrawn by pullin rather than pushing the same out of the earth, then each of. the portions 33 may be formed with recessed'orcut-outareas such as holes'39, for en- 'g'aging' suitable protuberances or studs as at 49 a "on thenext section'. 'The cleats 38 may be sumciently-flexible'outwardlyfio yield and snap into place in interengagement with' the studs as-at 40 when thenext section is applied.

. The first-or head end section of the steel tubing which/is to be pushed into the'earth, may

atedscoop .or shovelwhich may ho sed within on the member 26. f

preferably be of a somewhat more rigid construction such as shown at 281m Fig. 10 Thatis. this member may have thicker wallsto better withstand the engagementwith obstructions and if desired, the advancing" edge of this niember'may be suitably beveled as at litter effectively cutting int'o'the earth. The member ZEl' at its rear edge may tie-formed with suitably apertured lugs I, .as t, 43 for the samepurpose as the cleats 38,

some cases .where fthe distance through V which the series of. tubular members. are -to be pushe'd; is relatively short, the earth accumufReferring new;v to Fig-.;l,. aoccncrete underpreferable to provide means for: softening the earth at the head enman to alsdcarry the by a. suitable motor driven oil pump; as at iil conn tedthereto by Pi e;

. 1-Thehr la l ie w 9 a d theme-ha rail 38 .on whichthe sameroperates may be of. a suitableknown-type, supported as by jack; screw ea extending to, the bottom oi. the; manhole: Bieces A of steel of substantial area as sets may be applied respectively to opposite side. walls; of the V -manho1e to distributethe pressures duetothe duct pushi op rat ons hatis. t not he wedged-in rail assembly may be clamped.

llatfihe grail ssem lyv 3 eret'f r a 'dislcdged'earth'back to the first manhole- In Fig. 1,'a Water sluicingarrangement is shownfo r'this purpo'se and which may' comprise an annular hollo'wiring' as at 44.1'irmlyntted within the head end tubular section near its advancing ,edges This ring maybe'supplied with water under;relativelvhighipressure as from a pump 45,,or'other suitable source, connected through sections of hose or piping as atAB, coupled to an intake opening as at 4B, in the ring .(Fig. 41)., "'AsShOwn in Figs. 3 and 5, the ring M may'have' an inwardly directed annular and conical surface 49 positionedatan oblique angle I resnecttofthe'head;end-of the "steel tubing and r d 'withf aseiies br Water jet outlets I as at. 56 at "spaced point around the ringand sofasto'project streamsofwaterinto the earth casing; its 'path through the earth so that 34." head 3 fikofthe hydraulic jaohmay etal'plate as es n eh: in

turrif fengages a 'furthe detail. in Figs. san a,

,, allyx ercr i afien ofthetubular se. 011103 scriesoj-tubular sections forfsoftening and loosening thesame and thus 'minimizing" the obstruction of the steel tubular sections as they are advanced, With the let opening Bil-"as shownfthefaction of the water is substantially limited to the confines .of the earth outside the 'path' of. the casing is not 'materially'disturbed; inside of the ring 44 may be also formed with a rearwardly directed annulari conic al suriace at '5l, -alser having' at spaced. pointsfseries of water jet outletsjasj at 5 2; ;for iurther, softening the dislodged earth to permit the-same toreadily P s ba s rqueh the peni en ali ar ani mnihe-r iefl es ii i 4 m5): A rearvertical dislodged eart hl t this purpose one or mo -e additional sluicing rin 7 pushing for bbl' m n ed'bythe to the bottom or takeismeogth'e m m n it e; v holej'I-hen'the hydrauiic jaek jn a'y}; be nioved back on its notched rail to rtheiieft as] viewed in i h was went; "t e i secti v in s a s w ay also peg provided on the ring '4mw1th1ec =openmg: as awsointing direct-1v mktoward the manhole 25101'; sluicin'g bak the dislodgdearth.

Where the-series of tubulansections is ofs'ub stantial length, it is desirable :to sluice back the sevesal successive stages. For

as at 55 (Fig. 2 inay pe'provided atsuitebli spaced fpoints. The sin s as-at it may be provided with: couplings as 8,5 i m, connection to providedfor earryifig Part of 1 the" water" supply o1: rings. Ther'ings 55mg siuicing the arth-pap]; the} nest Qlfing os to e'aesimbie to pmviae A v with a-iseperatefsoux ce oi :water supply which may remotelyy con.

5 trolied as dsilfed,*es"tfomi the maiihole as: such an "arrangement 'is indicated in Fig fi; whereintheqripgs; s5 un a- 40;

they be applied to esch wing insurelremdval or anyexcess acctimui'ations ordirtb rubble at jeitheriingfi it carried on simiiitgne'ousiy," or alternately, ascenj ditio'ns may" warrant. The Witter? may-@156 be use ofeompresseq aiithere v in toincjiease its veiojeityjif desired.

' series 011 tubes m'a'yfas in Figl T "fell the concrete inanh ole 2 5 and, r if desired, as shown, this mi'nholejn syipeused l i the rubble or mudhds settling *chanibrl aybe reeirciilated withs of expense in some cases;

moved mechanically; othei pproved methiodsZa-fte'r "thetubuia'rFcasing is in plaicelma hole ass-"mommywas 21' sholiid: be

oiit'throughthe side'wall 'of'the manhole 28 at the"proper"pIace tO permitthehead end of the series of, tubes to enter -ithis menholeiwWhen the series of tubes thus extends-contimious1y from one maLnhole or hccessible location vto an other, thewater supply ma'y be disconnected and his source of highYpre'ssHre-"Waiter su pl and i a sim iiar couplmg--ozi therevers sidemaygbe steps may be-taken according-toFigfl .to gradually push the in etal tu bular sections out of the icavity fo med thereby, andvto replace the same, section-by section with a-conc'rete duct. I one example ofthe multi-duct concretesections whichmay'be used in conneetion'with this invention, is iliustrated'in Figs. 12 and, 13. These section'smay'fm example be Y about four fet in. length and with an outside inches.

six longitudinally extending cavities' 0124 .inch

I dial neterfof 15 0i 16 The particular 3 form here shown has ducts, as at 61' arranged inspaced positions wannuiarly around a seventh 1* or center '3" inch duet as at 6'3. The'en'ds ot' theseconcrete sections,

hold the successive sections in alignment and in interengagement, and 1 at i the same time the joints for each cavity agrej displaced somewhat in respectto' the joi'nts gfor oil-adjacent cavities, y l whereby theie will not be any"direct passage between ally-two cavities such as would" permit 7 our. That is, the joint areas for alternate outer oavities' such"as 62,f2a' and flbgmey 'extend in theex'ample here' shown; are so shaped as to arcingbetweeh electi'ieafconductors iii adjacent cavities, should biealkdownof the insulatioh occavities V cavities To avoid any straight lihe path be tween the central cavity-63 to (any; of 'the outer comprise 43! indie" portion a s-at "64 The end sectiori pofjthecoheiete' d iot where it opens finto a; manhole or [joins duct of "other forms, may brovidedviiith a concrete "adaptor fo r example, shown in "FigLQ 14, having one otisteel tubing m eng 'g' ntjw th? the "rear ound until; the res v 1 01' "8600131 tube l sec ease 2 oi tph tubes S l rl i i in; pushing the eoncr'et 9 shsc s v cries of steel jack :9. so that sum som ftime thesen'es or s t sg s, h fllml f ofi h i av lwyi w he manhole; zsg'rnsmy ra'ul c igck m y. befused e'sections intq. piece in a;

m e s m a ilt w isi e Y pl n -en fl h n h l of thepipes I02 and tubular casing sections will the manhole L rounding the mandrel I 09 plate M2 to prevent theconcretemixture from The supply; and also the, water-supply may now be connectedifor forming concrete in the mixing chamber li The con- At thesame time, the "as-by a,motor in manhole 25hr lever orwrenchl |4 ,so as to rotate the manhole into the manhole 25,

taching' the hydraulic 29 in a position-which "to disappear into the r addltionalsection as I09 may be secured thereto,

, which areto be added to the, H depend upon the speed of withdrawingthe casing and the time required for concrete duct to set orharden sufficiently to dispense with the support or the mandrel. The first one or more sections of the mandrel may be used 3 withoutany provisions for heating thesame, but

in order to hasten the process or to minimize m uiertmbugh (see: 22 With the apparatusassembled as above described, theYhydraulic jack 29 may be turned around as comparedwithits position in Fig. 1

and provided with suitable hook meansas at ii I-,' for engaging the apertured cleats as at 38, so

that when the jack is operated, the series of bewithdrawn toward upon theopening in the wall of manhole 26 surbeing blown into the manhole 26.- 01 dry sand and cement mixture crete will be blown into thefspace surrounding the mandrel I09 asshown at 3.;

Meanwhile,

thehydraulic jack maybe operated to gradually withdrawthetubular casing sections further;

shaft I01 Ifllwithin the body I V as at I maybe formed in the head piece 100,

to permit the compressedfair to escape from the 7 area to be occupied by the concrete; v A theitubular casing sections are withdrawn attached to the next casingsection. Meanwhile ma be covered by a may be rotated manually as by a Fig.)

casing in theearth The 25. In lthefirst instance, the casing sections, are withdrawn so that the head end 10 is a short distance from the manhole 26,-whereof the casing sections'so as to provide a suitable annular space for h? concrete between the mandrel and "the walls of the cavity formed by the drel sections will also of the same as the desired finished concrete: duct.

While the invention has been described in detail with respect to particularpreferred examples;

it willbe understood by j'those'skilled in'the art after understanding the inventionthat various; changesand further modifications may be made without departing from *the spirit and scope of the invention and itisintended therefore-in the I cured by LettersPatent is:

V or concretell3. Vent holes, H

casing sections until such said location continuously '1 n anwhile moving obstructing earth back through said seriesofsections tosaid first V it will be apparent that they may be removed one byjone, by temporarily de 1 jack which ma 'then be suitably advanced along its notched rails and may beeremoved', as also i may sections or the from time totime. Fig; 23;illustratesthe jack it will assume, just before lll'l fand the supporting means therefor one of thefcasing sections, withfthe sections of o surrounding concrete, an as by couplingmeans I09"; Further mandrel 0f the casing'sections. Thenumber of sections of the mandrel the walls of the I f pi andjshaft therein, areabout to be re: v

Just before themandrel' sectiojnlOS is about seotions' rnay be similarly applied as necessary s; during the iurther W thdrawal first section; will the number of cold sectionsoi' mandrel required,

the last section of the mandrel may be equipped with suitable electrical heating elementsfdrhas- .tening the initial setting of the concrete. As

a 23, twocold mandrel sectionsare r in place, followed by La third section provided a 1 with-heating shownin Fig.

elements as at H5. .These elements source. If, desired,

1 After all ofthe casing sections have been with manhole 25,,the mandrel sections wires H1 extenda continuous cavity lined by said locations, then successiveiyintroducing at .one of said locations a series of end-to-end con- 'crete duct sections, having'a cross section ap-,

proximating that of the casing sections, pushing said seriesof duct sections into the cavity formed by said casing and against an end of the series of casingsections, and thereby pushing the series appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications. 1

What is claimed as new 1. Method of installing-an underground concreteduct, which comprises, pushing from one accessible location, into solidly compacted earth successively, a series ofend-to-end hollow metal series extends from to a second accessible mentioned-location, and thereby initially forming said sections between of casing sections out of such cavity and successively to the other of said locations, whereby the casing sections are 'finallyreplaced by a continuous series of the duct sections.

2. Method of installing an underground con-r series of sections and thereby forming a continuous cavity between i said locations, and gradually pushing the conv crete duct intothe earth cavity occupied by the j I metal sections, andat the same time pushing the metal sections one by'one out of such cavity by forcing the concrete duct against one endof the it .serieso fmetal sections.

'ing metal tube sections while projecting streams of waterforwardiylinto-the earth a't'the head end Q i v sluicing' with water the ob-rt structing earth back through such series oivtube a of said series and,

sections, then-pushing-av complete series of the concrete duct sectionsiormed for sections, a

may: also ,be withdrawnunto this manhole, will readily bis-understood. It will be apparent i that the mandrel sectionsshould have an exterdiameter of thefmana course be substantially internal diameter of the i and desired seend -to-end interengagementpmtothe earth cavity occupied by the metal "sections, andpushing themetal-sec tions out of such cavity with saidlconcrete duct 1 

